o The emergence of water and its macroproperties out of hydrogen + oxygen (Corning & Kline, 1998)
o Laser light—the emergence of highly coherent light-energy waves (Haken, 1977)
o The emergence of macrostructures in far-from-equilibrium chemical systems, as studied by Prigogine and others (Prigogine, 1955; Prigogine & Stengers, 1984; Swenson, 1988; Nicolis & Prigogine, 1989)
o Symmetry-breaking processes which shift the dynamics of the macrosystem (Anderson, 1972)
o The emergence of “gliders” in the cellular automata computational system Game of Life (Conway, 1970)
o The emergence of ordered landscapes in NK computational modeling (Kauffman, 1993)
o In multi-agent systems, computational entities emerge which are capable of learning, decision-making, and coalition-building (Axelrod, Mitchell, Thomas, Bennett, & Bruderer, 1995; Gilbert & Conte, 1995; Axelrod, 1997; Sawyer, 2001)
o Autocatalysis—self-reinforcing catalytic networks that are central to the buildup of biological complexity (Eigen, 1971; Eigen & Schuster, 1979; Ulanowicz, 2002)
o Dynamics of slime molds—populations of multicellular organisms which, in adversity, organize into a single living column that can literally move across the forest floor, to re-generate the population in a more resource-rich place (Bonner, 1959; Nicolis & Prigogine, 1989)
o Symbiogenesis—the envelopment of separate organisms (e.g., mitochondria) into a cell, generating an emergent entity with significantly increased metabolism and capacity for adaptation (Margulis, 1967, 1981)
o Complexity that emerges within ant colonies, beehives, and termite hills, including division of labor and the construction of very large free-standing structures (Wilson & Holldobler, 1990)
o Ecological resilience—the capacity of an entire ecosystem to grow while remaining adaptive (Ulanowicz, 1980, 2002; Folke et al., 2004; Walker et al., 2006)
o Emergence of increasingly complex types of organisms in evolutionary history (Jantsch, 1980; Coren, 1998; Chaisson, 2001; Morowitz, 2002)
o Emergence of human communities and societies (Carniero, 1970, 1987)
o Traffic jams (Nagel & Paczuski, 1995; Johnson, 2001)
o Emergence of slang words, conversational routines, and other shared social practices (Lang & Lang, 1961; Giddens, 1984)
o Norms and leadership that emerge in a group or team (Guastello, 1998; Arrow & Burns, 2004)
o Entrepreneurship—the emergence of new organizations (Katz & Gartner, 1988; Gartner, 1993; Gartner, Shaver, Carter, & Reynolds, 2004; Lichtenstein, Carter, Dooley, & Gartner, 2007)
o The creation of new industries (Schumpeter, 1934, Sarasvathy & Dew, 2005; Chiles, Tuggle, McMullen, Bierman, & Greening, 2010; Dew, Reed, Sarasvathy, & Wiltbank, 2011)
o The emergence of organizational communities and aggregates (Chiles, Meyer, & Hench, 2004; Ehrenfeld, 2007; Viega & Magrini, 2009)
o The rise of social institutions and of material infrastructure in large societies (Sawyer, 2005; Padgett & Powell, 2011)